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Promazine (brand name Sparine among others),cite-ref-dav2021-2-0[2] is used as a short-term add-on treatment for psychomotor agitation.cite-ref-davis-3-0[3]cite-ref-bnf-4-0[4] Its approved uses in people is limited, but is used as a tranquilizer in veterinary medicine.cite-ref-davis-3-1[3] It has weak antipsychotic effects but is generally not used to treat psychosis.cite-ref-davis-3-2[3]

It acts similar to chlorpromazine and causes sedation.cite-ref-davis-3-3[3] It has predominantly anticholinergic side effects, though extrapyramidal side effects are not uncommon. It belongs to the typical antipsychotic and phenothiazine class of drugs.cite-ref-agliaro-5-0[5]

Promazine was approved for medical use in the United States in the 1950s, although it is no longer commercially available there.cite-ref-dav2021-2-1[2]cite-ref-6[6]

• Uses

• Adverse effects

• Overdose

• Other animals

• Synthesis

• References

Promazine is a short-term add-on treatment for psychomotor agitation.cite-ref-bnf-4-1[4]

Common side effects include agitation, amenorrhea, arrhythmias, constipation, drowsiness and dizziness, dry mouth, impotence, tiredness, galactorrhoea, gynecomastia, hyperglycemia, insomnia, hypotension, prolonged QT, seizures, tremor, vomiting and weight gain, among others.cite-ref-bnf-4-2[4]

In overdose, it may cause hypotension, hypothermia, tachycardia, and arrhythmia.cite-ref-bnf-4-3[4]

Sudden death may occur, although rare.cite-ref-bnf-4-4[4]

Promazine, given as promazine hydrochloride, is one of the primary tranquilizers used by veterinarians as a pre-anaesthesia injection in horses.cite-ref-hend2007-7-0[7]cite-ref-equimed-8-0[8] It does not provide analgesia and is not a very strong sedative, hence it is used combined with opioids or α2 adrenoreceptor agonists, such as clonidine, or both.cite-ref-equimed-8-1[8]cite-ref-ringer2019-9-0[9] It can be used alone when performing a non-painful procedure such as the fitting a horseshoe.cite-ref-ringer2019-9-1[9] Low blood pressure, fast heart rate and paralysis of the penis are side effects.cite-ref-hend2007-7-1[7] It is also an antiemetic, antispasmodic and hypothermic agent.cite-ref-equimed-8-2[8] Additionally it is used to lower blood pressure in animals with laminitis and kidney failure.cite-ref-equimed-8-3[8] It is available in the US for veterinary use under the names Promazine and Tranquazine.

cite-note-11. citerefanvisa2023Anvisa (2023-03-31). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 2023-04-04). Archived from the original on 2023-08-03. Retrieved 2023-08-16.

cite-note-dav2021-22. ↑ "Promazine (Primazine, Prozine)". Davis's Drug Guide. Retrieved 6 August 2021.

cite-note-davis-33. ↑ citerefdavis2007Davis C (2007). "Promazine". In Enna SJ, Bylund DB (eds.). X Pharm: The Comprehensive Pharmacology Reference. Elsevier. pp. 1–6. doi:10.1016/B978-008055232-3.62472-9. ISBN 978-0-08-055232-3.

cite-note-bnf-44. ↑ "BNF". NICE. Retrieved 4 August 2021.

cite-note-agliaro-55. ↑ citerefpagliaropagliaro1999Pagliaro LA, Pagliaro AM (1999). "PPDR: Promazine". Psychologist's Neuropsychotropic Desk Reference. Philadelphia: Brunner/Mazel. p. 535. ISBN 978-1-138-00968-4.

cite-note-66. ↑ "Drugs@FDA: FDA-Approved Drugs". New Drug Application (NDA): 010942 Sparine. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Archived from the original on April 30, 2017.

cite-note-hend2007-77. ↑ citerefhendrickson2007Hendrickson DA (2007). "2. Anaesthesia and fluid therapy". Techniques in Large Animal Surgery (3rd ed.). Blackwell Publishing. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-7817-8255-5.

cite-note-equimed-88. ↑ "Promazine". Equimed - Horse Health Matters. 20 January 2014. Archived from the original on 4 August 2021. Retrieved 4 August 2021.

cite-note-ringer2019-99. ↑ citerefringermama2019Ringer SK, Mama KR (2019). "23. Chemical restraint for standing procedures". In Auer JA, Stick JA (eds.). Equine Surgery (5th ed.). St Louis, Missouri: Elsevier. pp. 351–352. ISBN 978-0-323-48420-6.

cite-note-102. citerefwirth1958Wirth W (August 1958). "[The pharmacological action of promazine]". Arzneimittel-Forschung. 8 (8): 507–511. PMID 13584240.

cite-note-113. citerefszabochungtamtishler1980Szabo WA, Chung RH, Tam CC, Tishler M (February 1980). "Synthetic applications and mechanism of the pyrolysis of phenothiazine carbamates". The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 45 (4): 744–746. doi:10.1021/jo01292a048.

cite-note-124. citerefschmolkazimmer1984Schmolka SJ, Zimmer H (1984). "N -Dimethylaminopropylation in a Solid-Liquid Two Phase System: Synthesis of Chlorpromazine, its Analogs, and Related Compounds". Synthesis. 1984 (1): 29–31. doi:10.1055/s-1984-30719. S2CID 95682513.

cite-note-135. citerefcharpentier-p1950US 2519886, Charpentier P, issued 1950, assigned to Rhône-Poulenc.

cite-note-146. citerefkantor-ml-samuel-t1963US 3100772, Kantor ML, Samuel T, issued 1963, assigned to Wyeth LLC.

cite-note-157. citerefdahltorn-ebang-andersennielsen2008Dahl T, Tornøe CW, Bang-Andersen B, Nielsen P, Jørgensen M (15 February 2008). "Palladium-Catalyzed Three-Component Approach to Promazine with Formation of One Carbon–Sulfur and Two Carbon–Nitrogen Bonds". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 47 (9): 1726–1728. doi:10.1002/anie.200705209. PMID 18213669.